Vax-Before-Travel Vaccines

Vax-Before-Travel Vaccines June 2025

Over the past few decades, viruses transmitted by mosquitoes have spread rapidly worldwide, resulting in significant disease outbreaks in previously unexposed populations. Recent research indicates that millions are not adequately immunized against diseases before visiting endemic countries. However, in 2025, several travel vaccines are available to prevent diseases. As of June 16, 2025, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that getting vaccinated against infectious diseases is one of the most effective ways to protect your health while traveling abroad.

As of June 2025, the CDC's Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel, Edition: 2026, recommends administering most travel vaccines at least one month before departure to ensure maximum protection. The CDC lists the minimum ages and intervals between doses for travel vaccines recommended for U.S. residents in its Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adults. The CDC lists various vaccine recommendations on this webpage. The CDC's vaccine Price List was updated in May 2025. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization has provided high-level immunization recommendations and updated its vaccine list in 2025. The WHO states that one infectious person on an airplane can transform a local disease outbreak into a global pandemic. As of April 2025, vaccine appointments are commercially available at certified clinics and travel pharmacies in the U.S. Various vaccines approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the U.K. Foreign Travel Advice, and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are approved for international travelers visiting disease outbreak areas.

Travel Vaccine Advisories

In June 2025, the Vax-Before-Travel vaccine library was updated to provide travelers with more accurate information. Additionally, pre- and post-trip virus commercial testing services are offered at this link, and vaccine appointment requests can be submitted at this link.

The U.S. CDC, the U.K. Travel Health Pro, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) publish Travel Health Advisories and Assessments, including guidance for cruise ships, enabling international travelers to confirm vaccine recommendations by country. The U.S. Department of State publishes Travel Advisories, and U.S. embassies issue local travel health security notices. Seperately, Healthmap.org  publishes disease outbreak maps segmented by country. Travel vaccine certificates and passport information have also been updated.

Anthrax Vaccines

CYFENDUS ™ (AV7909, BioThrax®), a two-dose anthrax vaccine for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, was approved on July 20, 2023.

Avian Influenza Vaccines

Audenz™ is a monovalent, adjuvanted, cell-based, inactivated subunit vaccine approved by the U.S. FDA. Various pandemic influenza vaccines have also been approved in Europe and the U.K.

Chikungunya Vaccines

As of May 2025, chikungunya is a vaccine preventable disease. The U.S. FDA-approved chikungunya vaccines include IXCHIQ® and VIMKUNYA®.

Cholera Vaccine

Cholera vaccine availability improved in late 2024. WHO-prequalified oral cholera vaccines, including Dukoral®, Shanchol™, and Euvichol®, are available for international travelers. 

Vaxchora is an oral cholera vaccine for active immunization against the disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1.

DUKORAL® is available in Europe, the U.K., and various other countries. 

Dengue Vaccines

As of 2025, various countries have approved QDENGA®, a tetravalent dengue vaccine, but not the U.S. Dengue vaccine candidates are conducting late-stage studies in 2025.

Diphtheria Vaccines

The U.S. CDC says travelers two months and older traveling to outbreak areas should receive an age-appropriate dose of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine if they are not fully vaccinated or have not received a booster dose within five years before departure. In 2024, 11 vaccines will be available to help protect against diphtheria.

Ebola Vaccines

Ebola outbreaks in Africa began in 1976 and continued in 2024. Zaire Ebolavirus vaccines are limitedly available outside of Africa. 

Ervebo, Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live, is a recombinant, replication-competent Ebola vaccine.

Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) are Ebola vaccine therapies.

Ebanga™ (mAb114, Ansuvimab-zykl) is a human monoclonal antibody approved for treating Zaire ebolavirus infections.

Sudan Ebolavirus vaccines are being developed in clinical trials.

Influenza Vaccines

Flu shots are recommended for international travelers wherever influenza viruses spread.

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines

JENVAC is a single-dose inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine. This Vero cell-derived vaccine is prepared from the virus's Indian strain (Kolar- 821564XYs).

Ixiaro is an inactivated, adsorbed Vero cell culture-derived vaccine targeted against the Japanese encephalitis virus. It is prepared by propagating the JEV strain SA14-14-2 in Vero cells.

Lassa Fever Vaccine

Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever without an approved vaccine in 2025.

Lyme Disease Vaccines

Lyme disease vaccine candidates are conducting late-stage clinical studies. Valneva's VLA15 is a multivalent recombinant protein vaccine candidate.

Malaria Vaccines

Malaria outbreaks continue in 2025, and vaccines are available in Africa but not in the U.S. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) could prevent malaria.

Mosquirix (RTS,S/AS01e) is a recombinant vaccine that triggers the immune system to defend against the first stages of infections when the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite enters the human host's bloodstream through a mosquito bite.

R21/Matrix-M™ Malaria vaccine is produced by the Serum Institute of India and developed by scientists at the University of Oxford in England.

Marburg Disease Vaccines

Marburg vaccine candidates are conducting clinical trials, and various Marburg disease outbreaks have been reported in 2025.

Measles Vaccines

Measles outbreaks continue in 2025, including in U.S. cities in Texas. Various measles vaccines are available at pharmacies.

Meningococcal Disease Vaccines

The U.S. CDC lists various Meningococcal Disease vaccines, such as Bexsero® (MenB-4C).

MERS Vaccine

As of 2025, no approved MERS-CoV vaccine exists, but cases continue to be reported in the Middle East. The VTP-500 vaccine candidate completed Phase I clinical trials in Britain and Saudi Arabia, and the University of Oxford conducted a Phase Ib trial in the U.K. to assess the vaccination of older adults.

Norovirus Vaccine

As of 2025, the U.S. FDA has not approved a norovirus vaccine candidate, but Moderna's vaccine is conducting a phase 3 clinical trial. The Nova 301 Phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1403 for adults is expected to be completed in 2027.

Mpox Vaccines

The JYNNEOS smallpox-mpox vaccine is commercially available in the U.S., Africa, and numerous other countries.

Nipah Virus Vaccines

Nipah virus vaccine candidates continue in phase 1 clinical trials in 2023. Since 1999, Nipah outbreaks have occurred in Asia, including Bangladesh and India.

Oropouche Virus Vaccine

As of 2025, there are no Oropouche virus vaccines available.

Plague Vaccine

The WHO-Plague Vaccines in Preclinical Development and Clinical Trials was published in 2023. The primary outcomes were efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity, which were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The study concluded that a single-dose F1-based mRNA-LNP vaccine protects against the lethal plague bacterium.

Polio Vaccines

Polio vaccination, including booster shots, is recommended when visiting polio-endemic countries.

IPOL is a sterile suspension of three types of poliovirus: Type 1 (Mahoney), Type 2 (MEF-1), and Type 3 (Saukett). Sanofi Pasteur's single-antigen IPOL vaccine is a highly purified, inactivated poliovirus vaccine with enhanced potency.

Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine is a liquid trivalent vaccine produced from Sabin poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3 strains grown on Vero cells.

nOPV2 polio vaccine is derived from the live, infectious virus, but it has been 'triple-locked using genetic engineering to prevent it from becoming harmful. nOPV2 is genetically more stable than existing OPVs.

Rabies Vaccines

Various rabies vaccines and candidates seek to reduce rabies mortality in 2025.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

RMSF is endemic in multiple border states in northern Mexico, including but not exclusive to Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo León. As of December 2023, no approved RMSF vaccine exists. However, the CDC says early treatment with doxycycline saves lives.

Rotavirus Vaccines

Since 2019, the WHO has prequalified four rotavirus vaccines. GSK's Rotarix is a live, attenuated rotavirus vaccine that exposes your child to a small dose of the virus, which causes the body to develop immunity to the disease.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine

TicoVac vaccine is marketed by Pfizer Inc. under the brand names FSME-Immun® in Europe and TICOVAC™ in the U.S. It was developed using a master 'seed' virus similar to the tick-borne encephalitis virus found in nature.

Tuberculosis Vaccine

The U.S. CDC recommended that the BCG vaccine help prevent tuberculosis and is used for nonspecific protective effects, such as bladder cancer. Various versions of the BCG vaccine are available globally in 2025.

Typhoid Vaccine

Typhoid vaccines are available in 2023 and are recommended for people traveling to places where typhoid fever is common, such as South Asia (India).

Vivotif oral vaccine (capsules) is indicated for the immunization of adults and children over six years of age against the disease caused by Salmonella Typhi. It contains live bacteria called Salmonella typhi strain Ty21a, which does not cause typhoid fever. Bavarian Nordic A/S owns Vivotif Oral and is available in the U.S.

Typbar TCV is a vaccine containing the polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi Ty2 conjugated to Tetanus Toxoid.

Typhim VI is a sterile solution prepared from the purified polysaccharide capsule of Salmonella typhi (Ty 2 strain). 

Urinary Track Infection Vaccine and Treatments

Uromune™ Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) inactivated, oral spray vaccine is approved in various countries in 2025.

Pivya™ antibacterial tablet is approved for female adults with uncomplicated UTIs in Europe.

Yellow Fever Vaccines

The WHO publishes yellow fever vaccine requirements for entering certain countries. Outbreaks have been confirmed in 2025.

YF-VAX® vaccine is licensed in the U.S. and requires about ten days to produce maximum immunity.

Stamaril® is distributed in over 70 countries in 2024, but not in the U.S. 

Zika Virus Vaccines

While Zika virus outbreaks continue primarily in India and the Region of the Americas in 2025, no approved Zika vaccine is currently available.

Note: This content is aggregated from various news sources and vaccine research organizations and has been fact-checked by healthcare providers, such as Dr. Robert Carlson.