Travel Vaccine Breaking News

Travel vaccine breaking news brought to you by Vax Before Travel.

Mar 9, 2023 • 8:06 am CST
by Luis Oliveira

ModeX Therapeutics, Inc. recently announced it entered into an exclusive worldwide license and collaboration agreement with Merck to develop MDX-2201, a preclinical nanoparticle vaccine candidate targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Under the terms of the agreement, ModeX and Merck will jointly advance MDX-2201 to a U.S. FDA Investigational New Drug application filing, after which Merck will be responsible for clinical and regulatory activities and product commercialization.

MDX-2201 is based on ModeX’s ferritin nanoparticle vaccine platform, which can express as many as 24 copies of a recombinant antigen on its surface to enhance the presentation of key virus components and stimulate durable protective immunity.

MDX-2201 presents antigens from four viral proteins involved in viral entry into host cells.

These include a recombinant antigen designed from the proteins gH, gL, and gp42 and an antigen derived from gp350.

By using ModeX’s multi-targeted approach, this combination inhibits infection in two cell types, B cells and epithelial cells, contrasting with efforts previously focused on gp350 alone.

“At Merck, we have a proud legacy of developing vaccines, including several that have the potential to help protect against certain types of cancer,” said Tarit Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice President, Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, in a press release on March 8, 2023.

EBV is a member of the herpes virus family and is one of the most common human viruses.

EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis and is associated with other illnesses, including specific types of cancer and multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, there are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for EBV infection.

However, Moderna Inc. has been conducting a phase 1 clinical study for its mRNA-1189 vaccine candidate.

The viral proteins in mRNA-1189 are expressed in their native membrane-bound form for recognition by the immune system. 

Mar 7, 2023 • 1:49 pm CST
by Lutz Hirschmann

Charlotte Elton with EuroNews today reported Ibiza health officials are urging tourists to be on alert for symptoms of a Dengue infection.

The scenic Balearic Island, located off Spain's east coast, has recently experienced several dengue outbreaks.

For example, a message from Germany in 2023 alerted Spain to six cases of native dengue reported between May and November last year. 

The Centre for Coordination of Health Alerts and Emergencies (CCAES) recently confirmed one of the potential carriers of dengue is the Aedes albopictus or tiger mosquito.

These mosquitoes are found throughout the Spanish Mediterranean, northern Spain, including France.

From May to December 9, 2022, 272 imported cases of dengue fever were identified in metropolitan France, most from implantation by Aedes albopictus.

In addition to Europe's dengue outbreaks, several countries have reported dengue cases in 2023, including south Florida in the U.S.

Dengue can take up to two weeks to develop, with the illness generally lasting less than a week, says the U.S. CDC.

Health effects from dengue include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, muscle and joint pain, and minor bleeding. And dengue can become severe within a few hours.

Severe dengue is a medical emergency, usually requiring hospitalization.

Dengue is a vaccine-preventable disease. And there are two dengue vaccines available in specific countries.

 

      Mar 7, 2023 • 12:12 pm CST
      by Michelle Raponi

      When Uber Inc. reintroduced its ride-sharing service in Cancun, Mexico, in 2023, most international travelers were excited to use a known transportation service.

      Uber customers have digital access to the same features while traveling at home, including safety features such as 24/7 support, GPS tracking, and emergency assistance.

      And after a long day at the beach, Uber delivers Cancun cuisine with just a few taps.

      However, according to USA Today reporting on March 6, 2023, local cab services contest Uber's availability.

      Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of State issued a security notice regarding incidents involving Uber drivers in Quintana Roo and Cancun. 

      However, official complaints against Uber drivers do occur, and past disputes between these services and local taxi unions have occasionally turned violent, resulting in injuries to U.S. citizens in some instances, says the State Department.

      U.S. citizens are reminded of guidance provided on Travel.State.gov, specifically about using application-based transportation services in Mexico.

      From a health perspective, the U.S. CDC recommends several vaccinations before visiting Mexico.

      And the dengue virus transmission has been documented in Yucatan, Mexico, since 1979. Dengue is reported in 28 of 32 states in Mexico.

      And dengue is an ongoing risk when enjoying Cancun's beaches!

      Visitors to areas of risk should protect themselves from dengue infection by preventing mosquito bites. 

      There are two authorized dengue vaccines, but access requires testing. 

      Note: This news article is not paid content.

      Mar 7, 2023 • 7:16 am CST
      by Peter W.

      Moderna Inc. president Stephen Hoge commented at a conference on healthcare on March 6, 2023, indicating it would accelerate the approval pathway for its personalized cancer vaccine candidate mRNA-4157/V940.

      "At some point, this randomized 150-person Phase IIb study that we ran might — might — be able to become the basis of accelerated approval," Hoge said, according to EndPoint News.

      "It's too early to say, but we are hopeful that the data will mature that way."

      On December 13, 2022, mRNA-4157/V940, combined with KEYTRUDA, demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in the risk of disease recurrence or death compared to KEYTRUDA monotherapy in stage III/IV melanoma patients with a high risk of recurrence following complete resection.

      An advantage of Moderna's mRNA platform is that it allows for investigational medicines that combine several different approaches to activate the immune system to attack cancer in a single mRNA therapy.

      The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has already issued breakthrough therapy designation for mRNA-4157/V940 ahead of a potential Phase 3 study for the treatment expected in 2023 for adjuvant melanoma, a type of skin cancer.

      In 2019, the latest year for which incidence data are available, 88,059 new cases of melanoma of the skin were reported, and 8,092 people died of this cancer in the U.S. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S., exceeded only by heart disease, says the U.S. CDC.

      The CDC's real-time cancer dashboard is available at this link.

      Mar 7, 2023 • 12:52 am CST
      from Pixabay

      The Annals of Internal Medicine today published a systematic review and meta-analysis of three randomized clinical trials in adults with prediabetes.

      The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says prediabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes (T2D). 

      Published on March 7, 2023, this analysis concluded vitamin D usage effectively decreased the risk of developing TD2.

      This data found vitamin D use reduced the risk for diabetes by 15% (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96]) in adjusted analyses, with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 3.3% (CI, 0.6% to 6.0%).

      Among participants assigned to the vitamin D group who maintained an intratrial mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 125 nmol/L (≥50 ng/mL) compared with 50 to 74 nmol/L (20 to 29 ng/mL) during follow-up, cholecalciferol reduced risk for diabetes by 76% (hazard ratio, 0.24 [CI, 0.16 to 0.36]), with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 18.1% (CI, 11.7% to 24.6%).

      And Vitamin D increased the likelihood of regression to normal glucose regulation by 30% (rate ratio, 1.30 [CI, 1.16 to 1.46]).

      Furthermore, there was no evidence of a difference in the rate ratios for adverse events (kidney stones: 1.17 [CI, 0.69 to 1.99]; hypercalcemia: 2.34 [CI, 0.83 to 6.66]; hypercalciuria: 1.65 [CI, 0.83 to 3.28]; death: 0.85 [CI, 0.31 to 2.36]).

      This study's limitations included 'people with prediabetes do not apply to the general population.'

      The CDC says approximately 96 million American adults have prediabetes. However, more than 80% of those with prediabetes don't know they have it. 

      This study had no external funding, and the researchers did not disclose any industry conflicts of interest.

      In May 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Eli Lilly's Mounjaro injection to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes as an addition to diet and exercise. Mounjaro is not indicated for use in patients with type 1 diabetes. 

      As of March 7, 2023, no FDA-approved vaccine prevents diabetes.

      Mar 6, 2023 • 4:37 pm CST
      U.S. Dept of State Mexico March 2023

      Oliver Rich, Special Agent in Charge of the San Antonio Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), announced today that the FBI is seeking the public’s assistance in identifying the person(s) responsible for the assault and kidnapping of four U.S. Citizens, in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

      On March 3, 2023, four Americans crossed into Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Shortly thereafter, unidentified gunmen fired upon the passengers in the vehicle.  

      All four Americans were placed in a vehicle and taken from the scene by armed men.

      The US ambassador to Mexico, Ken Salzar, said in a statement that “US law enforcement officials from numerous agencies are working with Mexican authorities at all levels of government to secure the safe return of our compatriots."

      The FBI, federal partners, and Mexican law enforcement agencies are investigating, and the FBI announced a reward of $50,000 for the return of the victims and the arrest of those involved.

      Previously, the U.S. Department of State has issued its highest level travel advisory for most of Mexico, warning Americans 'do not go.'

       

      Mar 6, 2023 • 12:51 pm CST
      by Nancy Jane P.

      Eisai Co., Ltd. and Biogen Inc. today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had accepted Eisai’s supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for LEQEMBI™, supporting the conversion of the accelerated approval of LEQEMBI to an FDA traditional approval.

      The LEQEMBI application has been granted Priority Review, with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act action date of July 6, 2023.

      As of March 6, 2023, the FDA plans to hold an Advisory Committee meeting to discuss this humanized immunoglobulin gamma 1 monoclonal antibody application but has not publicly announced the meeting date.

      LEQEMBI was approved under accelerated approval in the U.S. and was on January 18, 2023.

      This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on a reduction in amyloid beta plaques observed in patients treated with LEQEMBI.

      The accelerated approval was based on data demonstrating that LEQEMBI reduced the accumulation of Aβ plaque in the brain, a defining AD feature.

      Treatment with LEQEMBI should be initiated in patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia stage of disease, the population in which treatment was initiated in clinical trials.

      There are no safety or effectiveness data on initiating treatment at earlier or later stages of the disease than were studied.

      Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification of clinical benefit.

      The FDA has not approved any AD vaccine candidates as of March 6, 2023.

      Mar 6, 2023 • 8:02 am CST
      by Kjrstie from Pixabay

      The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Kentucky Health Department recently alerted health officials and the public that there was a significant measles exposure event southwest of Lexington.

      Asbury University, located in Wilmore, KY, hosted an on-campus event in mid-February 2023 that included about 20,000 attendees from around the U.S.

      A measles case was confirmed on February 24, 2023, in an unvaccinated person who attended this gathering while infectious.

      The CDC says that anyone unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated against measles should quarantine for 21 days. And anyone with measles symptoms should isolate and call a health care facility before testing.

      With declines in measles vaccination rates, outbreaks are occurring in all World Health Organization Regions.

      Significant measles outbreaks have been reported in the European, African, Eastern Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian Regions.

      In the U.S., recent measles outbreaks were confirmed in Minnesota and Ohio.

      The CDC says measles is a vaccine-preventable disease, with access to measles vaccines at most health clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

      Mar 5, 2023 • 4:03 pm CST
      U.S. CDC Nigeria March 2023

      The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued a Watch - Level 1, Practice Usual Precautions notice regarding the Lassa Fever outbreak in the west African country of Nigeria.

      On March 1, 2023, the CDC confirmed there is an outbreak of Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic fever, in several states in Nigeria.

      Visitors to Nigeria should seek medical care immediately if they develop (during or after travel) fever, chills, headache, fatigue, bleeding, trouble breathing, vomiting, facial swelling, or pain in the chest, back, and abdomen.

      Before the pandemic, about 5 million people visit Nigeria annually, with Niger and India as the most frequent countries of origin of tourists in Nigeria, reports Statista

      However, as of March 5, 2023, no Lassa fever vaccines are available.

      But treatment with antiviral medicine is most effective during the early stages of illness.

      Mar 5, 2023 • 12:31 pm CST
      by Achim Thiemermann

      According to recent reporting by the Austin Business Journal (ABJ), Elon Musk's car factory and rocket ship companies may become neighbors with significant developments, including a new airport.

      The ABJ reported on February 16, 2023, a developer believes this corner of east Austin could soon be called World Trade Center Austin.

      Positioned far away from Austin's current weirdness, this ambitious plan includes a mix of Las Vegas, Disney World, and Venice.

      This area is also the home to the Circuit of The Americas, which has hosted racing, action sports, and music events since 2012.

      Named Greenport Airport, the online information posted as of March 5, 2023, indicates an opening last year.

      Austin's current airports include the expanded Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, which offers a vast array of local Austin eateries and relaxing live music. 

      Additionally, the Austin Executive Airport is a first-class business facility ranked as a top Fixed Base Operator in Texas. And on Austin's western front, the Lakeway Airpark serves various public and private aviation needs.

      From a health perspective, there are certified travel vaccination pharmacies in Austin meeting the needs of international travelers.

      Mar 5, 2023 • 11:32 am CST
      Carnival Cruise Line March 2023

      Carnival Cruise Line recently announced it is expanding its offerings with a fourth ship in Galveston, Texas.

      The Carnival Miracle arrival will Texas-size sailings beginning in the fall of 2024 through the spring of 2025.

      “We have always offered a great variety of cruises from Galveston, but by adding a fourth Carnival ship to homeport in Galveston and sailing these longer itineraries, we are giving our guests great new choices, especially for those who want to experience a wider variety of beautiful ports of call and more time to enjoy their time at sea,” said Christine Duffy, president of Carnival Cruise Line, in a press release on March 2, 2023.

      Carnival Miracle will reposition from San Francisco to Galveston in October 2024 and operate a spectacular Carnival Journeys voyage that visits Cabo San Lucas, Mexico; Puntarenas, Costa Rica; Cartagena, Colombia; and a Panama Canal transit.

      Carnival Miracle will further diversify Carnival’s deployment from Galveston by joining: 

      • Carnival Breeze, which offers four- and five-day cruises;
      • Carnival Dream, which sails primarily six- and eight-day cruises, and
      • Carnival Jubilee features a rollercoaster, which arrives this December to begin week-long Western Caribbean sailings.

      From a health perspective, while the COVID-19 pandemic has faded away in Texas, many cruise ship passengers should remain vigilant about noroviruses.

      Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

      In the United States, cases of norovirus occur most frequently during late fall, winter, and early spring. 

      One of the best ways to prevent the spread of norovirus is by practicing good hand hygiene.

      The Norovirus Outbreak Map of confirmed outbreaks in the U.S. was updated in February 2023. And the Vessel Sanitation Program identifies various norovirus outbreaks onboard cruise ships.

      Unfortunately, U.S. Food and Drug Administration had not approved a norovirus vaccine as of March 5, 2023.

      Mar 5, 2023 • 7:45 am CST
      U.S. Dept. of State March 5, 2023

      The U.S. Department of State recently announced revised travel advisories for two counties located in Central America.

      On March 1, 2023, the State Department reissued its Level 3: Reconsider Travel advisory for the Republic of Honduras.

      This high-level advisory highlights civil unrest in areas such as the Gracias a Dios Department.

      Separately, the State Department reissued its Level 3: Reconsider Travel to the Republic of Guatemala.

      This Gualemalia alert identifies says do not travel to:

      • San Marcos Department (except the city of San Marcos).
      • Huehuetenango Department (except the city of Huehuetenango).
      • Zone 18 and the city of Villa Nueva in Guatemala City.

      Within both advisories, travelers to these countries are encouraged to enroll in the State Department's Smart Traveler Enrollment Program to receive digital alerts in an emergency.

      Previously, in support of the region's development, the United States Agency for International Development announced on February 15, 2023, it had awarded $42.5 million in new humanitarian funding for the people of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.

      This brings USAID's total humanitarian funding for these three countries to nearly $261 million since April 2021.

      Additional travel advisories have been recently issued for Costa Rica and El Salvador

      From a health perspective, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests various travel vaccinations before visiting Central America.

      These vaccines include yellow fever, measles, and influenza.

      Travel vaccination services are offered at certified health clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

      Updated with links on March 6, 2023.

      Mar 3, 2023 • 9:09 am CST
      by Claudia Maldonado

      The U.S. CDC published a health advisory on March 2, 2023, confirming Paraguay's ongoing chikungunya virus outbreak.

      Paraguay's Ministry of Health recently reported a total of 71,478 suspect chikungunya cases in Paraguay (Asunción) since an outbreak began in October 2022.

      In 2022, the number of chikungunya cases (273,685) reported to the Pan American Health Organization more than doubled the average annual number of cases.

      To notify international travelers of potential health risks, the CDC issued a Watch - Level 1 travel alert regarding Paraguay's chikungunya outbreak on February 22, 2023.

      Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The incubation period is typically 3–7 days. 

      Unfortuantely, the U.S. FDA has not authorized a chikungunya preventive vaccine as of March 3, 2023.

      The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently reviewed Valneva SE's VLA1553 chikungunya vaccine candidate. 

      The good news is VLA1553 has been assigned an FDA Prescription Drug User Fee Act date at the end of August 2023.

      Other chikungunya vaccine development news is posted at Vax-Before-Travel.

      Mar 3, 2023 • 4:22 am CST
      by Krysti Anwin

      According to recent media reports, four children in Israel have been diagnosed with polio. 

      The JPost reported the Health Ministry announced in early March 2023 that an unvaccinated child from the Safed region in Galilee was found positive for polio at the Ziv Medical Center.

      And on March 2, 2023, the Times of Israel reported an Israel Health Ministry statement confirming three additional children who had been in contact with the infected child and tested positive for poliovirus.

      The Ministry did not reveal the vaccination status of these three children.

      In June 2022, the Ministry reported that vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) was detected in the sewage in the Jerusalem area. This strain has spread to many places in Israel, from Ramat HaGolan, in the north, to Beer Sheva in the south.  

      Unfortunately, about 150,000 children in Israel have not been vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine, and therefore they are not protected from pediatric paralysis should they be infected with the virus.

      Polio is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that affects children and can cause paralysis and related fatalities. The live attenuated oral vaccine (bOPV) currently administered in Israel does not cover the VDPV2 strain.

      This is a breaking news story, and relevant updates will be published at PrecisionVaccinations.com/Polio.

      Mar 3, 2023 • 3:15 am CST
      Ministry of Health in Paraguay March 2023

      The U.S. CDC today published Health Alert Network Advisory #CDCHAN-00487, notifying public health authorities and providers there is a substantial increase in chikungunya virus cases in the Republic of Paraguay.

      As of February 24, 2023, Paraguay's Ministry of Health reported a total of 71,478 suspect chikungunya cases in Paraguay since an outbreak began in October 2022.

      Most of the chikungunya cases have been reported in the capital district of Asunción and the neighboring Central department.

      Travelers returning from these areas should seek medical care if they develop fever, joint pain, headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash.  

      The CDC warned on March 2, 2023, that Paraguay's virus outbreak could spill over into neighboring countries, such as Argentina, Bolivia, and Uraguay. 

      The South American country of Paraguay is a popular tourist destination, welcoming about one million tourists annually.

      To notify international travelers of potential health risks, the CDC issued a Watch - Level 1, Practice Usual Precautions alert regarding Paraguay's chikungunya outbreak on February 22, 2023.

      The CDC suggests considering chikungunya infection in travelers returning from Paraguay with acute onset of fever and polyarthralgia.

      In late 2013, the first local transmission of the chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in Caribbean countries and territories. 

      The virus then spread throughout most of the Americas.

      In 2022, the number of chikungunya cases (273,685) reported to the Pan American Health Organization more than doubled the average annual number of cases.

      Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted by infected mosquitoes, and humans are the primary reservoir during epidemics. 

      Most people infected with chikungunya become symptomatic, and the incubation period is typically 3–7 days. 

      Unfortunately, chikungunya and dengue viruses cocirculate in Paraguay, are transmitted by the same mosquitoes, and have similar clinical presentations during acute illness. 

      Diagnostic testing is available through commercial laboratories, some state health departments, and the CDC. Chikungunya virus disease is a notifiable disease in the U.S.

      Moreover, the U.S. FDA has not authorized a chikungunya preventive vaccine as of March 3, 2023.

      The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently met on February 23, 2023, and reviewed Valneva SE's VLA1553 monovalent, single-dose, live-attenuated vaccine candidate. 

      VLA1553 has been assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act date at the end of August 2023.