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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today issued Health Alert Network Health Advisory CDCHAN-00524 focused on the 16th outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Currently, no suspected, probable, or confirmed EVD cases related to this EVD outbreak have been reported in the United States or outside of the Bulape and Mweka health zones within the Kasai Province, DRC.
The CDC stated on September 18, 2025, that the risk of spread to the United States is currently considered low.
As a precaution, this Health Advisory summarizes CDC recommendations for U.S. public health departments, clinical laboratories, and healthcare workers about potential EVD case identification, testing, and biosafety considerations in clinical laboratories.
An Ebola vaccine (ERVEBO®) is approved for preventing Zaire Ebola virus disease; it should only be given to patients who meet specific criteria.
Two approved treatments are currently available to treat Ebola virus infection: Inmazeb™ and Ebanga™.
To alert international travelers, on September 8, 2025, the CDC issued a Level 1, Travel Health Notice, for people traveling to the DRC.
The CDC recommends that all travelers to the affected health zones in DRC avoid contact with ill people during travel and monitor themselves for symptoms of EVD while in the outbreak area and for 21 days after leaving.
Travelers who develop symptoms during this time should self-isolate and contact their local health authorities or a healthcare provider.
At this time, the CDC is not recommending additional assessments or monitoring of travelers arriving from the DRC by jurisdictional health departments, unless specified in the existing guidance provided.
The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) has identified human West Nile virus (WNV) cases in Los Angeles County for the 2025 season.
Four people were hospitalized with WNV illness beginning in late July 2025 through late August and are recovering.
LACDPH has identified WNV cases in the Antelope Valley, San Fernando Valley, and central Los Angeles areas.
Public Health reports human cases of WNV every year in LA County, averaging 56 cases per year over the last five years.
This announcement does not include cases in Long Beach and Pasadena.
WNV spreads through the bite of an infected mosquito. About three-quarters of reported cases have had severe disease, and approximately 10% of patients with severe WNV die from complications.
Although not all mosquitoes carry this virus, the type of mosquito that spreads this virus is found throughout Los Angeles County.
"Detecting West Nile virus in our district is a reminder that this virus has been present in California — and right here in our community — for over 20 years. It's part of our local environment and continues to reappear year after year. With the recent rains and more in the forecast, conditions are ideal for mosquitoes to breed," said Brenna Bates-Grubb, Community Outreach Specialist, Antelope Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, in a press release on September 17, 2025.
"We urge everyone to take simple steps to protect themselves and their families: use EPA-approved mosquito repellent, keep swimming pools clean and maintained, drain any standing water around your home, and check for sources like buckets, plant saucers, or clogged gutters that can fill with rainwater. It only takes a small amount of water for mosquitoes to breed."
There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus disease, and no vaccine is available to prevent infection. Currently, WNV vaccine candidates are being evaluated for their effectiveness.
Additionally, LA County states that Dengue is a disease caused by a virus that is transmitted to people mainly through the bites of infected mosquitoes. LA has reported 36 locally transmitted Dengue cases in 2025, which is more than the 14 cases confirmed last year.
Similar to WNV, no Dengue vaccine is available in LA in 2025.
Although millions of travelers visit this area of California, as of September 19, 2025, the U.S. CDC has not issued a Travel Health Advisory specifically focused on LA County.
According to local news, Mumbaī has reported an increase in malaria, chikungunya, and hepatitis cases this year compared to the same period in 2024.
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) in its Monsoon-Diseases report showed 6,277 cases of malaria from January to September 15, 2025, compared to 5,182 in the same period the previous year.
There were 913 cases of hepatitis, against 791, and 542 cases of chikungunya, up from 366 in 2024.
However, cases of dengue, leptospirosis, and gastroenteritis witnessed a decline this year.
Mumbaī is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra, with a population exceeding 12 million, and is visited by millions of visitors annually.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports an elevated risk of chikungunya and hepatitis in India, and vaccination may be considered for individuals traveling or relocating to this area if they plan to stay for an extended period.
As of September 18, 2025, dengue and malaria vaccines are unavailable for international travelers departing from the USA.
The Florida Department of Health (FDH) updated its Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Arbovirus Surveillance update #37, which revealed that both travel-related and locally acquired mosquito-transmitted diseases continue to be reported this year.
On September 13, 2025, FDH highlighted cases of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Malaria.
Chikungunya - eleven travel-related cases of chikungunya have been confirmed this year in Broward (4), Collier, Lake, Miami-Dade (2), Palm Beach, and Seminole (2). Countries of origin were: Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil (2), Cuba (2), India (2), Indonesia, and Sri Lanka (2).
Dengue Fever - In 2025, 198 cases of dengue fever were reported among individuals who had traveled internationally, with over 119 cases related to travelers from Cuba, and 13 from Puerto Rico. Additionally, 24 locally acquired dengue cases were reported in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade (3), Pasco (1), and Brevard (27) counties in 2025.
Malaria - 37 travel-related malaria cases have been confirmed in Florida, 13 related to travel to Nigeria.
As of September 2025, from a local disease risk perspective, Alachua, Bay, Clay, Duval, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Leon, Pasco, and Pinellas counties are under a mosquito-borne illness advisory.
Brevard, Escambia, and Miami-Dade Counties remain under a mosquito-borne illness alert scheduled to expire in December 2025.
Currently, the U.S. CDC and the UK have not issued travel advisories focused on visiting Florida in 2025.
The Government of Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health announced today that Hong Kong has recorded a total of 18 confirmed travel-related Chikungunya Fever (CF) cases this year.
The CHP data for September 17, 2025, indicates a substantial increase from 2016 to 2019, during which Hong Kong recorded between one and 11 imported cases annually.
Additionally, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department continues to conduct vector investigations and targeted mosquito control operations. It intensifies mosquito prevention and control measures at the residences of recently confirmed patients, as well as at locations visited after the onset of symptoms.
The public should call 1823 in case of mosquito problems.
Furthermore, the CHP's Port Health Division continues to step up inspections at boundary control points, reminding cross-boundary public transport operators and other relevant parties to ensure good environmental hygiene and the practical implementation of anti-mosquito measures.
Currently, there are no travel restrictions when visiting Hong Kong, a popular tourist destination.
According to recent information from the Guangdong Provincial Disease Control and Prevention Administration, although the situation in Guangdong Province has been under control since late August 2025, with only sporadic new cases reported daily, Chikungunya outbreaks continue in many countries worldwide.
In Asia, India and Indonesia recorded more than 32,000 and 17,000 CF cases, respectively, in 2025.
As of early 2025, the U.S. CDC maintains a Level 2 - Practice Enhanced Precautions, Travel Health Advisory, focused on Chikungunya outbreaks for countries in Asia and the Indian Ocean.
The CDC recommends vaccination for specific travelers visiting an area with a Chikungunya outbreak.
As of mid-September 2025, the UK states that, on an exceptional basis, vaccination can be considered for individuals aged 12 years and older. In these situations, further expert advice should be considered.
The final decision on vaccination rests with the health professional and the traveller after a detailed risk assessment has been performed.
While the actual number of typhoid cases in the United States is debatable, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 5,700 cases of typhoid fever occur in the USA each year.
The CDC reports that nearly all confirmed cases (350) occur among international travelers.
Most travelers diagnosed with typhoid in the USA have returned from South Asia, primarily Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.
As an example, the Philippines has reported 344 cases and three fatalities in Negros Occidental in early 2025.
According to the U.S. CDC, typhoid is a vaccine-preventable disease. It is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, which spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone who is infected. A gradual onset of fever over 3–7 days is typical, and life-threatening complications can arise in the second week of untreated illness.
When visiting the Philippines in 2025, the CDC recommends that most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas, take steps to prevent disease.
In an unrelated article published by The Lancet on September 3, 2025, the author wrote, 'vaccines are available for prevention of typhoid disease, including the newer, more effective typhoid Vi-conjugate vaccines.'
'Vaccination as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene measures are cornerstones of prevention.'
Since the beginning of 2025, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has identified ten countries in Europe reporting human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection: Albania, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Spain, and Türkiye.
As of September 17, 2025, the ECDC reported Spain has confirmed 8 WNV cases this year.
In southern Spain, north of Gibraltar, mosquito control efforts have begun after infected mosquitoes carrying WNV were found in Benalup-Casas Viejas, in the Cadiz region. This city has a population of 6,754, but is a tourist favorite in 2025.
The Andalusian Health Department recently announced that the Seville municipality of Guillena is now on alert after the virus was detected in mosquitoes and confirmed the first case of WNV in the autonomous community.
In total, 109 Andalusian municipalities are at a high risk level or in an alert area situation, distributed across all provinces.
Spain's initial human case of autochthonous WNV lineage two was confirmed in 2024. This detection linked the strain to Central Europe. In total, 158 people were infected, with 20 dying from related complications in 2024.
From a disease prevention perspective, the U.S. CDC recommends avoiding mosquito bites since there are no WNV vaccines available in 2025.
Additionally, the CDC reports an increased risk of exposure to poliovirus in Spain, advising visitors to be fully vaccinated.
