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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its Level 1, Practice Usual Precautions, Travel Health Advisory regarding the ongoing spread of the Oropouche virus in the Region of the Americas.
As of September 18, 2025, the CDC is reporting cases of Oropouche in Brazil, Cuba, Panama, and Peru.
For example, the Panama Ministry of Health reported that 10 human cases of locally acquired Oropouche virus disease had been detected in various districts of the Veraguas region, including Santiago, La Pena, Atalaya, and Rodrigo Luque.
Between January and the end of July 2025, about 501 cases, including one death, were reported in Panama by the Pan American Health Organization.
In the United States, states such as Florida reported 103 cases of Oropouche fever in 2024 in people who traveled to Cuba. The Florida counties reporting cases were led by Miami-Dade (61).
The CDC states that travelers to affected areas should take steps to prevent bug bites, infected midges, and mosquitoes.
This virus can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Recent scientific reports have found evidence of Oropouche virus and viral RNA in patients' bodily fluids, including semen and vaginal fluids.
Currently, there are no Oropouche vaccines available for disease prevention in 2025.
The International Health Regulations National Focal Point (IHR NFP) for Bangladesh recently notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of four confirmed fatal cases of Nipah virus (NiV) infection.
As of September 18, 2025, Bangladesh has documented 347 NiV cases through its Nipah surveillance system, which was established to detect and respond to outbreaks promptly, with a case fatality rate of 71.7%.
The WHO reported that between January and August 29, 2025, three geographical divisions in Bangladesh —namely, Barisal, Dhaka, and Rajshahi —reported these NiV patients.
Since the first recognized outbreak in Bangladesh in 2001, human NiV infections have been detected almost every year, says the WHO.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in Bangladesh has implemented several public health measures with support from the WHO. The WHO assesses the overall public health risk posed by NiV at the national and regional levels to be moderate; the risk of international disease spread is considered low.
Human NiV infection is an epidemic-prone disease that can cause severe disease in humans and animals, with a high mortality rate, and outbreaks primarily occur in South and South-East Asia.
Recently, in India, NiV-related fatalities were reported.
As of August 6, 2025, Kerala State health officials have reported four cases to the WHO since mid-May, two of which have been fatal.
Since 2018, Kerala has experienced nine outbreaks of the Nipah virus, which is part of a pattern of recurring spillovers.
The WHO states there are currently no specific drugs or vaccines for NiV infection; intensive supportive care is recommended to treat severe respiratory and neurologic complications.
In 2023, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations invested $$100 million in four Nipah vaccine candidates.
Recently, the U.S. government announced a project to support the development of a Nipah monoclonal antibody, which is currently undergoing Phase 1 clinical trial testing in India and Bangladesh.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today issued Health Alert Network Health Advisory CDCHAN-00524 focused on the 16th outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Currently, no suspected, probable, or confirmed EVD cases related to this EVD outbreak have been reported in the United States or outside of the Bulape and Mweka health zones within the Kasai Province, DRC.
The CDC stated on September 18, 2025, that the risk of spread to the United States is currently considered low.
As a precaution, this Health Advisory summarizes CDC recommendations for U.S. public health departments, clinical laboratories, and healthcare workers about potential EVD case identification, testing, and biosafety considerations in clinical laboratories.
An Ebola vaccine (ERVEBO®) is approved for preventing Zaire Ebola virus disease; it should only be given to patients who meet specific criteria.
Two approved treatments are currently available to treat Ebola virus infection: Inmazeb™ and Ebanga™.
To alert international travelers, on September 8, 2025, the CDC issued a Level 1, Travel Health Notice, for people traveling to the DRC.
The CDC recommends that all travelers to the affected health zones in DRC avoid contact with ill people during travel and monitor themselves for symptoms of EVD while in the outbreak area and for 21 days after leaving.
Travelers who develop symptoms during this time should self-isolate and contact their local health authorities or a healthcare provider.
At this time, the CDC is not recommending additional assessments or monitoring of travelers arriving from the DRC by jurisdictional health departments, unless specified in the existing guidance provided.
The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) has identified human West Nile virus (WNV) cases in Los Angeles County for the 2025 season.
Four people were hospitalized with WNV illness beginning in late July 2025 through late August and are recovering.
LACDPH has identified WNV cases in the Antelope Valley, San Fernando Valley, and central Los Angeles areas.
Public Health reports human cases of WNV every year in LA County, averaging 56 cases per year over the last five years.
This announcement does not include cases in Long Beach and Pasadena.
WNV spreads through the bite of an infected mosquito. About three-quarters of reported cases have had severe disease, and approximately 10% of patients with severe WNV die from complications.
Although not all mosquitoes carry this virus, the type of mosquito that spreads this virus is found throughout Los Angeles County.
"Detecting West Nile virus in our district is a reminder that this virus has been present in California — and right here in our community — for over 20 years. It's part of our local environment and continues to reappear year after year. With the recent rains and more in the forecast, conditions are ideal for mosquitoes to breed," said Brenna Bates-Grubb, Community Outreach Specialist, Antelope Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, in a press release on September 17, 2025.
"We urge everyone to take simple steps to protect themselves and their families: use EPA-approved mosquito repellent, keep swimming pools clean and maintained, drain any standing water around your home, and check for sources like buckets, plant saucers, or clogged gutters that can fill with rainwater. It only takes a small amount of water for mosquitoes to breed."
There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus disease, and no vaccine is available to prevent infection. Currently, WNV vaccine candidates are being evaluated for their effectiveness.
Additionally, LA County states that Dengue is a disease caused by a virus that is transmitted to people mainly through the bites of infected mosquitoes. LA has reported 36 locally transmitted Dengue cases in 2025, which is more than the 14 cases confirmed last year.
Similar to WNV, no Dengue vaccine is available in LA in 2025.
Although millions of travelers visit this area of California, as of September 19, 2025, the U.S. CDC has not issued a Travel Health Advisory specifically focused on LA County.
According to local news, Mumbaī has reported an increase in malaria, chikungunya, and hepatitis cases this year compared to the same period in 2024.
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) in its Monsoon-Diseases report showed 6,277 cases of malaria from January to September 15, 2025, compared to 5,182 in the same period the previous year.
There were 913 cases of hepatitis, against 791, and 542 cases of chikungunya, up from 366 in 2024.
However, cases of dengue, leptospirosis, and gastroenteritis witnessed a decline this year.
Mumbaī is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra, with a population exceeding 12 million, and is visited by millions of visitors annually.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports an elevated risk of chikungunya and hepatitis in India, and vaccination may be considered for individuals traveling or relocating to this area if they plan to stay for an extended period.
As of September 18, 2025, dengue and malaria vaccines are unavailable for international travelers departing from the USA.
The Florida Department of Health (FDH) updated its Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Arbovirus Surveillance update #37, which revealed that both travel-related and locally acquired mosquito-transmitted diseases continue to be reported this year.
On September 13, 2025, FDH highlighted cases of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Malaria.
Chikungunya - eleven travel-related cases of chikungunya have been confirmed this year in Broward (4), Collier, Lake, Miami-Dade (2), Palm Beach, and Seminole (2). Countries of origin were: Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil (2), Cuba (2), India (2), Indonesia, and Sri Lanka (2).
Dengue Fever - In 2025, 198 cases of dengue fever were reported among individuals who had traveled internationally, with over 119 cases related to travelers from Cuba, and 13 from Puerto Rico. Additionally, 24 locally acquired dengue cases were reported in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade (3), Pasco (1), and Brevard (27) counties in 2025.
Malaria - 37 travel-related malaria cases have been confirmed in Florida, 13 related to travel to Nigeria.
As of September 2025, from a local disease risk perspective, Alachua, Bay, Clay, Duval, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Leon, Pasco, and Pinellas counties are under a mosquito-borne illness advisory.
Brevard, Escambia, and Miami-Dade Counties remain under a mosquito-borne illness alert scheduled to expire in December 2025.
Currently, the U.S. CDC and the UK have not issued travel advisories focused on visiting Florida in 2025.
The Government of Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health announced today that Hong Kong has recorded a total of 18 confirmed travel-related Chikungunya Fever (CF) cases this year.
The CHP data for September 17, 2025, indicates a substantial increase from 2016 to 2019, during which Hong Kong recorded between one and 11 imported cases annually.
Additionally, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department continues to conduct vector investigations and targeted mosquito control operations. It intensifies mosquito prevention and control measures at the residences of recently confirmed patients, as well as at locations visited after the onset of symptoms.
The public should call 1823 in case of mosquito problems.
Furthermore, the CHP's Port Health Division continues to step up inspections at boundary control points, reminding cross-boundary public transport operators and other relevant parties to ensure good environmental hygiene and the practical implementation of anti-mosquito measures.
Currently, there are no travel restrictions when visiting Hong Kong, a popular tourist destination.
According to recent information from the Guangdong Provincial Disease Control and Prevention Administration, although the situation in Guangdong Province has been under control since late August 2025, with only sporadic new cases reported daily, Chikungunya outbreaks continue in many countries worldwide.
In Asia, India and Indonesia recorded more than 32,000 and 17,000 CF cases, respectively, in 2025.
As of early 2025, the U.S. CDC maintains a Level 2 - Practice Enhanced Precautions, Travel Health Advisory, focused on Chikungunya outbreaks for countries in Asia and the Indian Ocean.
The CDC recommends vaccination for specific travelers visiting an area with a Chikungunya outbreak.
As of mid-September 2025, the UK states that, on an exceptional basis, vaccination can be considered for individuals aged 12 years and older. In these situations, further expert advice should be considered.
The final decision on vaccination rests with the health professional and the traveller after a detailed risk assessment has been performed.
While the actual number of typhoid cases in the United States is debatable, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 5,700 cases of typhoid fever occur in the USA each year.
The CDC reports that nearly all confirmed cases (350) occur among international travelers.
Most travelers diagnosed with typhoid in the USA have returned from South Asia, primarily Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.
As an example, the Philippines has reported 344 cases and three fatalities in Negros Occidental in early 2025.
According to the U.S. CDC, typhoid is a vaccine-preventable disease. It is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, which spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone who is infected. A gradual onset of fever over 3–7 days is typical, and life-threatening complications can arise in the second week of untreated illness.
When visiting the Philippines in 2025, the CDC recommends that most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas, take steps to prevent disease.
In an unrelated article published by The Lancet on September 3, 2025, the author wrote, 'vaccines are available for prevention of typhoid disease, including the newer, more effective typhoid Vi-conjugate vaccines.'
'Vaccination as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene measures are cornerstones of prevention.'
