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The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) recently reported that health authorities in Bangkok, Thailand, issued an alert regarding human rabies cases following the detection of sick animals in some regions of the city.
From 2024 to the first quarter of 2025, a total of eight human deaths from rabies were reported in the Kingdom of Thailand.
The ECDC wrote on September 19, 2025, the alert included recommendations included if a person has been bitten or scratched by a dog, cat, bat or other mammal in an area where rabies virus is circulating, they are advised to seek medical help immediately, as the timely prophylaxis in the event of exposure to a potentially infected animal is of utmost importance and knowledge of the epidemiological situation is vital to decide on appropriate post-exposure measures.
Treatment consists of local wound care, vaccination, and passive immunisation with immunoglobulin, if indicated.
To be effective, treatment has to be administered as soon as possible after exposure.
On September 22, 2025, the Public Health Veterinary Office, in collaboration with the Prawet District Office, the Wat Pak Bo Public Health Service Center 22, and public health volunteers, conducted a rabies vaccination campaign.
The ECDC wrote that the probability of infection for travellers in Thailand's endemic areas is very low if basic preventive measures are followed, such as avoiding contact with wild and domestic animals, including pets.
In 2024, Bangkok welcomed approximately 30 million international visitors.
Those planning outdoor activities in high-risk zones or remote areas should receive an individual risk assessment and be offered pre-exposure rabies vaccination, if appropriate.
The U.S. CDC writes that rabies vaccines are typically available throughout most of Thailand.
However, please consult with a travel vaccine provider to determine whether you should receive pre-exposure vaccination before travel.
In the United States, most rabies cases are associated with bat bites, rather than those caused by dogs or cats.
The China CDC recently published its Notifiable Infectious Diseases Report, which highlights various disease cases and related fatalities.
As of September 19, 2025 (10.46234/ccdcw2025.203), several vaccine-preventable diseases that international travelers should be aware of before departing for China were disclosed.
According to the UK TravelHealthPro, when planning a trip to China in 2025, travelers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK.
These vaccinations include, for example, the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine.
Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choices, or specific underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines.
Seperately, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently published a Level 2 - Practice Enhanced Precautions, Travel Health Notice focused on a Chikungunya fever (CF) outbreak in southeastern China.
Chikungunya is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It causes a flu-like illness and can lead to severe joint and muscle pains, which may persist for months or even years. But it is rarely fatal.
China's CDC reported its first imported case of CF in 2008. Between 2010 and 2019, local outbreaks resulting from imported instances were documented in Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Yunnan provinces.
During the summer of 2025, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, reported a cluster of CF cases.
In addition to avoiding mosquito bites, the CDC recommends vaccination as a preventive measure for Chikungunya for some travelers to countries in Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
Vaccination may be considered for individuals aged 12 years and over who are traveling to regions with a current Chikungunya outbreak.
For detailed vaccination advice, the CDC and the UK recommend that travelers schedule an appointment with their healthcare professional at least four to six weeks before departure for China.
However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile, say these health agencies.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its Level 1, Practice Usual Precautions, Travel Health Advisory regarding the ongoing spread of the Oropouche virus in the Region of the Americas.
As of September 18, 2025, the CDC is reporting cases of Oropouche in Brazil, Cuba, Panama, and Peru.
For example, the Panama Ministry of Health reported that 10 human cases of locally acquired Oropouche virus disease had been detected in various districts of the Veraguas region, including Santiago, La Pena, Atalaya, and Rodrigo Luque.
Between January and the end of July 2025, about 501 cases, including one death, were reported in Panama by the Pan American Health Organization.
In the United States, states such as Florida reported 103 cases of Oropouche fever in 2024 in people who traveled to Cuba. The Florida counties reporting cases were led by Miami-Dade (61).
The CDC states that travelers to affected areas should take steps to prevent bug bites, infected midges, and mosquitoes.
This virus can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Recent scientific reports have found evidence of Oropouche virus and viral RNA in patients' bodily fluids, including semen and vaginal fluids.
Currently, there are no Oropouche vaccines available for disease prevention in 2025.
The International Health Regulations National Focal Point (IHR NFP) for Bangladesh recently notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of four confirmed fatal cases of Nipah virus (NiV) infection.
As of September 18, 2025, Bangladesh has documented 347 NiV cases through its Nipah surveillance system, which was established to detect and respond to outbreaks promptly, with a case fatality rate of 71.7%.
The WHO reported that between January and August 29, 2025, three geographical divisions in Bangladesh —namely, Barisal, Dhaka, and Rajshahi —reported these NiV patients.
Since the first recognized outbreak in Bangladesh in 2001, human NiV infections have been detected almost every year, says the WHO.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in Bangladesh has implemented several public health measures with support from the WHO. The WHO assesses the overall public health risk posed by NiV at the national and regional levels to be moderate; the risk of international disease spread is considered low.
Human NiV infection is an epidemic-prone disease that can cause severe disease in humans and animals, with a high mortality rate, and outbreaks primarily occur in South and South-East Asia.
Recently, in India, NiV-related fatalities were reported.
As of August 6, 2025, Kerala State health officials have reported four cases to the WHO since mid-May, two of which have been fatal.
Since 2018, Kerala has experienced nine outbreaks of the Nipah virus, which is part of a pattern of recurring spillovers.
The WHO states there are currently no specific drugs or vaccines for NiV infection; intensive supportive care is recommended to treat severe respiratory and neurologic complications.
In 2023, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations invested $$100 million in four Nipah vaccine candidates.
Recently, the U.S. government announced a project to support the development of a Nipah monoclonal antibody, which is currently undergoing Phase 1 clinical trial testing in India and Bangladesh.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today issued Health Alert Network Health Advisory CDCHAN-00524 focused on the 16th outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Currently, no suspected, probable, or confirmed EVD cases related to this EVD outbreak have been reported in the United States or outside of the Bulape and Mweka health zones within the Kasai Province, DRC.
The CDC stated on September 18, 2025, that the risk of spread to the United States is currently considered low.
As a precaution, this Health Advisory summarizes CDC recommendations for U.S. public health departments, clinical laboratories, and healthcare workers about potential EVD case identification, testing, and biosafety considerations in clinical laboratories.
An Ebola vaccine (ERVEBO®) is approved for preventing Zaire Ebola virus disease; it should only be given to patients who meet specific criteria.
Two approved treatments are currently available to treat Ebola virus infection: Inmazeb™ and Ebanga™.
To alert international travelers, on September 8, 2025, the CDC issued a Level 1, Travel Health Notice, for people traveling to the DRC.
The CDC recommends that all travelers to the affected health zones in DRC avoid contact with ill people during travel and monitor themselves for symptoms of EVD while in the outbreak area and for 21 days after leaving.
Travelers who develop symptoms during this time should self-isolate and contact their local health authorities or a healthcare provider.
At this time, the CDC is not recommending additional assessments or monitoring of travelers arriving from the DRC by jurisdictional health departments, unless specified in the existing guidance provided.
The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) has identified human West Nile virus (WNV) cases in Los Angeles County for the 2025 season.
Four people were hospitalized with WNV illness beginning in late July 2025 through late August and are recovering.
LACDPH has identified WNV cases in the Antelope Valley, San Fernando Valley, and central Los Angeles areas.
Public Health reports human cases of WNV every year in LA County, averaging 56 cases per year over the last five years.
This announcement does not include cases in Long Beach and Pasadena.
WNV spreads through the bite of an infected mosquito. About three-quarters of reported cases have had severe disease, and approximately 10% of patients with severe WNV die from complications.
Although not all mosquitoes carry this virus, the type of mosquito that spreads this virus is found throughout Los Angeles County.
"Detecting West Nile virus in our district is a reminder that this virus has been present in California — and right here in our community — for over 20 years. It's part of our local environment and continues to reappear year after year. With the recent rains and more in the forecast, conditions are ideal for mosquitoes to breed," said Brenna Bates-Grubb, Community Outreach Specialist, Antelope Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, in a press release on September 17, 2025.
"We urge everyone to take simple steps to protect themselves and their families: use EPA-approved mosquito repellent, keep swimming pools clean and maintained, drain any standing water around your home, and check for sources like buckets, plant saucers, or clogged gutters that can fill with rainwater. It only takes a small amount of water for mosquitoes to breed."
There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus disease, and no vaccine is available to prevent infection. Currently, WNV vaccine candidates are being evaluated for their effectiveness.
Additionally, LA County states that Dengue is a disease caused by a virus that is transmitted to people mainly through the bites of infected mosquitoes. LA has reported 36 locally transmitted Dengue cases in 2025, which is more than the 14 cases confirmed last year.
Similar to WNV, no Dengue vaccine is available in LA in 2025.
Although millions of travelers visit this area of California, as of September 19, 2025, the U.S. CDC has not issued a Travel Health Advisory specifically focused on LA County.
According to local news, Mumbaī has reported an increase in malaria, chikungunya, and hepatitis cases this year compared to the same period in 2024.
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) in its Monsoon-Diseases report showed 6,277 cases of malaria from January to September 15, 2025, compared to 5,182 in the same period the previous year.
There were 913 cases of hepatitis, against 791, and 542 cases of chikungunya, up from 366 in 2024.
However, cases of dengue, leptospirosis, and gastroenteritis witnessed a decline this year.
Mumbaī is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra, with a population exceeding 12 million, and is visited by millions of visitors annually.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports an elevated risk of chikungunya and hepatitis in India, and vaccination may be considered for individuals traveling or relocating to this area if they plan to stay for an extended period.
As of September 18, 2025, dengue and malaria vaccines are unavailable for international travelers departing from the USA.
The Florida Department of Health (FDH) updated its Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Arbovirus Surveillance update #37, which revealed that both travel-related and locally acquired mosquito-transmitted diseases continue to be reported this year.
On September 13, 2025, FDH highlighted cases of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Malaria.
Chikungunya - eleven travel-related cases of chikungunya have been confirmed this year in Broward (4), Collier, Lake, Miami-Dade (2), Palm Beach, and Seminole (2). Countries of origin were: Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil (2), Cuba (2), India (2), Indonesia, and Sri Lanka (2).
Dengue Fever - In 2025, 198 cases of dengue fever were reported among individuals who had traveled internationally, with over 119 cases related to travelers from Cuba, and 13 from Puerto Rico. Additionally, 24 locally acquired dengue cases were reported in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade (3), Pasco (1), and Brevard (27) counties in 2025.
Malaria - 37 travel-related malaria cases have been confirmed in Florida, 13 related to travel to Nigeria.
As of September 2025, from a local disease risk perspective, Alachua, Bay, Clay, Duval, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Leon, Pasco, and Pinellas counties are under a mosquito-borne illness advisory.
Brevard, Escambia, and Miami-Dade Counties remain under a mosquito-borne illness alert scheduled to expire in December 2025.
Currently, the U.S. CDC and the UK have not issued travel advisories focused on visiting Florida in 2025.
