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A new study published by the JAMA Pediatrics on May 10, 2021, found the high protection and low risk of serious adverse events for rotavirus vaccines in children who were fully vaccinated emphasized the importance of worldwide rotavirus vaccinations.

This study's findings from a meta-analysis revealed that Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccinations reduced rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children younger than 5 years by 68.4% and 63.6%, respectively, and this was confirmed in case-control studies (65.3% and 72.8%, respectively).

An adjusted indirect comparison indicated no significant differences in the protection of Rotarix and RotaTeq. Other rotavirus vaccines, including Rotavac, Rotasiil, and Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine, also showed positive associations with reduced RVGE risk.

Furthermore, all rotavirus vaccines demonstrated no risk of serious adverse events in this analysis.

The U.S. CDC states rotavirus commonly causes severe, watery diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children. Each year, the vaccine prevents an estimated 50,000 hospitalizations among U.S. infants and young children. The first oral dose should be given before a child is 15 weeks of age. And children should receive all doses of rotavirus vaccine before they turn 8 months old.'

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CARB-X announced it is awarding Summit Therapeutics up to US $4.1 million in non-dilutive funding to develop a first-in-class antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant infections, specifically carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, including those caused by serious human pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The new award will help the company progress the SMT-738 antibiotic project through preclinical and Phase 1a clinical development.

“The world urgently needs innovative therapeutics to address life-threatening pathogens that are constantly developing new ways of resisting the effects of antibiotics that are designed to kill them,” commented Erin Duffy, R&D Chief of CARB-X, in a press statement issued on May 18, 2021. 

Summit’s SMT-738 represents a novel class with a new mechanism of inhibition of bacterial cell membrane biosynthesis.  These degrees of novelty combine to offer a potential advantage where antibiotic resistance is concerned.”

Under the award, Summit could receive additional funding of up to $3.7 million from CARB-X if project milestones are achieved, subject to available funds.

CRE is a family of bacteria that have been dubbed “Nightmare Bacteria” by health officials because they cause deadly infections that are difficult or impossible to treat and spread rapidly. CRE are difficult to treat because they do not respond to commonly used antibiotics, says the U.S. CDC

CARB-X is a non-profit global partnership led by Boston University dedicated to supporting the development of innovative antibiotics, vaccines, diagnostics, and other life-saving products to address antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

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Sick building syndrome was defined by the US EPA in 1991
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued two Level 2 Travel Alerts on May 13, 2021, regarding ongoing polio outbreaks. The CDC suggests visitors to certain countries in Asia and Africa should speak with a healthcare provider regarding polio vaccination options.

The says, 'Before international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series.'

The CDC recommends administering an inactivated poliovirus vaccine booster dose to travelers that meet all three of the following conditions: Are going to destinations reporting poliovirus, have completed their routine polio vaccine series, and have not already received an adult booster dose.

Even those who have been sick with polio previously may need a booster dose of polio vaccine. See the Polio Vaccine Information Statement for more information.

Vax-Before-Travel publishes an updated listing of polio vaccines.

Furthermore, to help prevent the international spread of polio, the World Health Organization recommends that high-risk countries require residents and long-term (4+ weeks) visitors to show proof of polio vaccination before leaving the country.

Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly disease that affects the nervous system. Most people with polio do not feel sick. Some people have only minor symptoms.

Additionally, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative brings together the latest scientific knowledge on poliovirus and tracks the status of the virus every week. As of May 12, 2021, active polio outbreaks are listed on this webpage.

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Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, announced on May 15, 2021, 'We’re excited to enhance your Universal experience with the latest safety updates from local health and government officials.'

Visitors to Universal were informed face coverings are not mandatory while outdoors but are required at all attractions—from the moment the queue begins until the exit of the experience.

And face coverings are still required in all indoor locations, including shops and restaurants.

As always, we remain focused on maintaining the highest cleanliness and sanitization stand, stated Universal's website.

Please note the U.S. CDC advises that older adults and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions might be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Guests should evaluate their risk in determining whether to attend.

Universal Orlando Resort is an American theme park and entertainment resort complex operated by Universal Parks & Resorts, a division of Comcast's NBCUniversal.

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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a new Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools late on May 15, 2021.

The CDC recommends schools continue to use the current COVID-19 prevention strategies for the 2020-2021 school year, including universal and correct use of masks and physical distancing should be maximized to the greatest extent possible.

Masks should be worn at all times, by all people in school facilities, with certain exceptions for certain people, or for certain settings or activities, such as while eating or drinking. Masks should be required in all classroom and non-classroom settings, including hallways, school offices, restrooms, gyms, auditoriums, etc.

And, testing to identify individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection provides additional layers of COVID-19 protection in schools, stated the CDC.

'All prevention strategies provide some level of protection, and layered strategies implemented at the same time provide the greatest level of protection.'

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In September 2019, the American Immunization Registry Association (AIRA) was awarded a cooperative agreement with the U.S. CDC to inform strategies for improving awareness and utilization of immunization information systems (IIS) among adult health care providers.

By the end of 2020, all US states and jurisdictions had a functional lifespan IIS with the capability and authority to collect and capture adult immunization data.

Data from the 2019 IIS Annual Report (IISAR) indicate that approximately 60% of adults aged 19 years and older are represented in an IIS with one or more recorded vaccinations compared to approximately 95% for children and 82% of adolescents, respectively.

While findings from the AIRA adult IIS capture survey indicated that approximately 63% of jurisdictions actively and routinely capture adult vaccination data.

Several immunization / IIS programs have chosen to prioritize adult vaccination activities and successfully use their IIS to support and facilitate these efforts, whereas some jurisdictions have done very little.

Documenting receipt of a vaccine has also been included as a Healthy People 2030 developmental objective to “increase the proportion of people with vaccination records in an information system.”

This new Landscape Analysis Report provides the insight needed to establish a Strategic Road Map for prioritizing and advancing adult data capture and utilization nationally across all jurisdictions.

Located in Washington DC, the American Immunization Registry Association exists to support and promote the use of immunization information to ensure healthy communities through the development and implementation of immunization information systems as a crucial tool in preventing vaccine-preventable diseases.

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Influenza-associated pediatric deaths remain well below forecast
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The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) urges early detection of congenital disabilities and continuous support and care to newborns and their families. In Latin America and the Caribbean, approximately 1 in 5 deaths during the first 28 days of life are due to congenital disabilities.

The anomalies, which can be structural or functional, occur during gestation. The most common and serious are congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, and chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome. 

In 2016, Congenital Zika Syndrome was added to the list of congenital defects.

Zika can cause microcephaly, a birth defect where a baby’s head is smaller than expected compared to babies of the same sex and age. Babies with microcephaly often have smaller brains that might not have developed properly, says the U.S. CDC.

"Congenital defects are today one of the main causes of death of newborns in the region. However, they are mostly preventable," said Dr. Pablo Duran, regional advisor for PAHO's Latin American Center for Perinatology/Women’s Health and Reproductive Health (CLAP).

"In order not to leave any child behind, it is essential to have timely and quality information on these anomalies in all countries," he said in a press statement.

The recent publication, “Present and Future of Birth Defects Surveillance in the Americas,” produced by PAHO and the World Bank with funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), indicates that it is fundamental for countries to have a birth defects surveillance system.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela have a birth defects surveillance system. 

PAHO has been working for years to raise awareness of the problem and implement surveillance actions in the health and government sectors. However, there is still a long way to go. 

PAHO's CLAP is collaborating with creating a regional registry of congenital defects using reports from the countries' surveillance systems.

"Preventing children from dying and ensuring that they thrive is our priority,” said Dr. Duran. “Birth defects account for a significant proportion of neonatal deaths in the region, and we must do more to prevent them." 

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In 2021, one country and one territory in the Region of the Americas have reported confirmed cases of measles: Brazil with 54 confirmed cases and French Guiana with 2 confirmed cases, reported the PAHO.

Currently, only Brazil is reporting active outbreaks of measles. This event constitutes a hazard for other countries and territories in the Region of the Americas.

During 2020, a total of 9 countries in the Region of the Americas have reported 8,726 confirmed cases of measles, including 11 deaths.

These countries are Argentina (61 cases including 1 death), Bolivia (2 cases), Brazil (8,448 cases including 10 deaths), Canada (1 case), Chile (2 cases), Colombia (1 case), Mexico (196 cases), the United States of America (13 cases), and Uruguay (2 cases).

When visiting countries such as Brazil, make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip, says the U.S. CDC. Some of these vaccines include the measles vaccine.

In the USA, the M-M-R-II vaccine is commonly available at most pharmacies and pediatricians.

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