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The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health confirmed today that locally acquired Dengue is emerging, which is extremely rare in a region where mosquitoes have not previously transmitted the virus.
LA is investigating a new case of locally acquired Dengue in an El Monte resident.
This case of local transmission is the fifth case of locally acquired Dengue reported in LA County's San Gabriel Valley (2 million population) this year.
Similar to the cases reported in Baldwin Park (3) and Panorama City (1), this person had no history of travel to areas where Dengue is endemic.
“This case further indicates that Dengue can spread in our community. Preventing mosquito bites and breeding is the best way to stop local dengue transmission,” said Muntu Davis, MD, MPH, Los Angeles County Health Officer, in a press release on October 3, 2024.
On the U.S. southeast coast, the state of Florida reported 548 travel-associated and 40 locally acquired dengue cases in 2024.
Throughout the Region of the Americas, over 11 million Dengue cases and 6,700 related fatalities have been confirmed in the Americas this year.
While Dengue is a vaccine-preventable disease, no vaccine is currently available in the U.S.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported today that West Nile Virus (WNV) had been detected in a child from Bagatelle, a parish in St. Thomas, located in Barbados, an island country in the Caribbean Sea.
On October 3, 2024, the WHO's Disease Outbreak News stated that this was the first human case of WNV detected in Barbados, which has a population of about 280,000.
Additionally, thousands of people visit Barbados yearly as it is a favorite vaccination destination and cruise ship port.
Additionally, no infections have been previously documented in birds or horses in Barbados, making this case both unusual and unexpected, wrote the WHO. Although no cases of WNV have been documented in birds or horses in the country, the virus may be circulating in these populations undetected.
However, the WNV has previously spread throughout the Caribbean, likely via infected migratory birds.
The WHO's risk of international dissemination of WNV from Barbados is low, as the virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites, with birds as the natural hosts.
Based on available information on this event, WHO does not recommend any restrictions on travel and/or trade for Barbados and will continue to evaluate the epidemiological situation in Barbados.
In the United States, 46 states have reported over 1,400 WNV cases in 2024.
From a prevention perspective, no approved West Nile virus vaccines are available for people in 2024.
According to Reuters, Gilead Sciences today announced it would donate about 5,000 vials of its antiviral drug remdesivir (Veklury®) for emergency use in response to the ongoing Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in the Republic of Rwanda.
This U.S. FDA-approved antiviral drug is being evaluated since no approved MVD vaccines are available.
However, several Marburg vaccine candidates, utilizing various technologies, are actively conducting clinical trials.
The drugmaker clarified that Remdesivir, originally developed to treat Ebola, is not approved for treating Marburg disease anywhere, and its safety and efficacy against the virus is unknown.
As of October 3, 2024, Rwanad's first MVD outbreak has produced eleven fatalities out of 36 confirmed cases.
The World Helath Organization recently assessed the risk of this MVD outbreak as very high at the national level, high at the regional level, and low at the global level. And the local government anticipates additional MVD cases to be reported this year.
The Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health posted on X that the death toll from the recent Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak has reached eleven out of 36 confirmed cases.
As of October 2, 2024, about 26 additional people are in isolation from this rare viral hemorrhagic fever in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, which has a population exceeding 1.7 million.
As of September 30, 2024, the World Helath Organization (WHO) assessed the risk of this MVD outbreak as very high at the national level, high at the regional level, and low at the global level.
The WHO says the source of this MVD outbreak, geographical extent, likely onset date, and additional epidemiological information on cases are still pending further investigation. Rwanda declared its initial MVD outbreak on September 27, 2024.
According to the AP, Rwandan Health Minister Sabin Nsanzimana said that vaccine clinical trials would start “within days” but failed to clarify which type of vaccine will be used.
As of October 3, 2024, various Marburg vaccine candidates are conducting studies. For example:
Public Health Vaccines, LLC launched its Phase 1 clinical trial in March 2024, evaluating its single-dose vaccine candidate, PHV01 (rVSV∆G-MARV-GP [Angola]).
On April 15, 2024, the U.S. FDA granted orphan drug designation to the active ingredient in MarVax™, the subunit protein vaccine of recombinantly expressed MARV glycoprotein, for "the prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis against MARV infection.
The U.S. CDC's recent travel advisory remains in effect, which states If you travel to the Republic of Rwanda, you should:
Avoid contact with sick people with fever, muscle pain, and rash symptoms.
Avoid contact with blood and other body fluids.
Avoid visiting healthcare facilities in the outbreak area for nonurgent medical care or for non-medical reasons.
A new report, 'Advancing the Fight Against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Francophone Countries: Progress, Challenges, and the Path Forward for Sustainable Action,' was released today. It assesses the collective burden and progress of fighting NTDs in Francophone countries.
Published on October 3, 2024, the report highlights the unique opportunities within the Francophonie to leverage linguistic, cultural, and historical ties for collective action and cross-border collaboration to combat NTDs more effectively.
NTDs are a group of preventable and treatable illnesses caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins, and include Chagas, Chikungunya, Dengue, and Oropouche virus diseases.
Of the more than 1.6 billion people worldwide at risk of NTDs, a significant percentage reside in Francophone countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.
French is an official language in 32 independent nations and 60 countries and territories where about 210 million people live. It is also a co-official or de facto language in many regions and organizations.
PDS Biotechnology Corporation today announced updated data from the Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating Versamune® HPV (PDS0101) with chemoradiation to treat locally advanced cervical cancer were presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting 2024.
The company stated 100% 36-month overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates in patients fully treated with Versamune® HPV combined with chemoradiation (N=8), and 88% (15/17) of patients had a complete metabolic response.
“We are pleased that data from the Phase 2 IMMUNOCERV trial demonstrate compelling clinical activity and a promising safety profile,” said Frank Bedu-Addo, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of PDS Biotech, in a press release on October 2, 2024.
“Based on our continued research in various HPV-positive cancers, Versamune® HPV appears to work in combination with a variety of therapeutic agents to generate clinical responses and promote improved survival in patients with minimal toxicity. We look forward to the next steps in the development of Versamune® HPV for locally advanced cervical cancer.”
PDS Biotech’s oncology pipeline leverages the Versamune® platform and Versamune® plus PDS01ADC in combination with proprietary tumor-specific proteins or peptides (antigens) in developing targeted cancer immunotherapies.
The Republic of Kenya's Ministry of Health announced in October 2024 that a nationwide polio vaccination campaign will launch following an outbreak of circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 (cVDPV2).
The vaccination campaign will target over 3.8 million children across nine high-risk counties: Nairobi, Busia, Bungoma, Turkana, Trans Nzoia, West Pokot, Kiambu, Machakos, and Kajiado, said Principal Secretary for Public Health and Professional Standards, in a press release on October 1, 2024.
Five cVDPV2 cases and one positive environmental have been confirmed in Kenya in 2024.
Countries affected by poliovirus circulation are subject to temporary recommendations issued by the WHO's Emergency Committee of the International Health Regulations on Poliovirus. WHO's International Travel and Health recommends that all travelers to polio-affected areas be fully vaccinated against polio.
About 2 million people visit Kenya annually.
Kenyan residents (and visitors for more than four weeks) from infected areas should receive an additional dose of oral (nOPV2) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) within four to twelve months of travel.
To alert international travelers of the polio risk, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reissued a Global Polio ADvisory regarding polio outbreaks and poliovirus detections in 37 countries.
The IPV is offered in the U.S. and at most clinics and travel pharmacies in 2024.
Additionally, the CDC recommends yellow fever, measles, mpox, and cholera vaccination when visiting Kenya.
As the new flu season arrives in the United States, data has reaffirmed the benefits of getting an annual flu shot this year.
CSL Seqirus today announced data from a range of real-world evidence (RWE) studies, highlighting the important role influenza vaccination plays in protecting public health.
RWE complements randomized controlled trial research, assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness continuously and providing an ever-growing data set on health outcomes.
"CSL Seqirus remains committed to evaluating vaccine effectiveness through the rigorous generation of real-world evidence," said Gregg Sylvester, Chief Health Officer of CSL Seqirus, in a press release on October 1, 2024.
Among others, RWE studies being presented by CSL Seqirus at OPTIONS XII include:
Results of a study of the 2022/23 influenza season in the U.S. showed that cell-based quadrivalent (QIVc) vaccines prevented more outpatient test-confirmed influenza for those aged six months to 64 years compared with the egg-based quadrivalent (QIVe) vaccines.
Results from a study of the 2023/24 influenza season in the U.S. showed that cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) generated real-world effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza, compared with unvaccinated participants. Vaccine effectiveness was highest in children six months to three years of age at 88%.
Results from a review of the 2017 to 2020 influenza seasons revealed a higher relative effectiveness of QIVc over QIVe/egg-based trivalent (TIVe) vaccines across the three influenza seasons for test-confirmed and clinically diagnosed influenza.
Results from a study of the 2022/23 influenza season in the U.S. showed comparability between MF59® adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aQIV) and high-dose quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-QIV) in preventing test-confirmed influenza-related emergency department visits and/or inpatient admissions settings among adults aged 65 and over.
Various influenza vaccines for the 2024-2025 flu season are available at clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.
